One of the most impressive astronomical clocks ever built was designed and executed by horologist Su Song, during China's Song dynasty. This is was a water clock, attached to a clock tower, which was one of the earliest known timepieces to use escarpment. This clock powered an armillary sphere, which moved various symbols around in accordance with known astrological occurrences.
Muslim astronomers and engineers during the middle ages were able to develop a series of complex and highly accurate astrological clocks. These include an astrolabe built in the tenth century by Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, an astrolabic clock made by Ibn al-Shatir in the 14th century, and the castle clock built by Al-Jazari in 1206.While early clock development in Europe is a bit hazy, it is generally agreed that by the thirteenth century they had working mechanical clocks, driven by weight rather than by water. These clocks were often attached to symbolic mechanical representations of the movement of the stars.
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